Slow-motion is widely used in sport broadcasting and its origins in this domain extend back to the earliest days of television, one example being the European Heavyweight Title in 1939 where Max Schmeling knocked out Adolf Heuser in 71 seconds. As he comes out of the warehouse "load-point", the camera zooms into Neo at normal speed but as it gets closer to Neo's face, time seems to slow down, perhaps visually accentuating Neo pausing and reflecting a moment, and perhaps alluding to future manipulation of time itself within the Matrix later on in the movie. The opposite speed-ramping is done in The Matrix when Neo re-enters the Matrix for the first time to see the Oracle. For example, someone pushing a door open and walking out into the street would appear to start off in slow motion, but in a few seconds later within the same shot the person would appear to walk in "realtime" (everyday speed). For example, if in the course of 10 seconds of capture, the capture frame rate is adjusted from 60 frames per second to 24 frames per second, when played back at the standard film rate of 24 frames per second, a unique time-manipulation effect is achieved. Formally, this effect is referred to as speed ramping and is a process whereby the capture frame rate of the camera changes over time. Slow motion is used widely in action films for dramatic effect, as well as the famous bullet-dodging effect, popularized by The Matrix. The concept of slow motion may have existed before the invention of the motion picture: the Japanese theatrical form Noh employs very slow movements. Extreme fast motion is known as time lapse photography a frame of, say, a growing plant is taken every few hours when the frames are played back at normal speed, the plant is seen to grow before the viewer's eyes. It is often used for comic, or occasional stylistic effect. Cinematographers refer to fast motion as undercranking since it was originally achieved by cranking a handcranked camera slower than normal. The opposite of slow motion is fast motion. The technique is especially associated with explosion effect shots and underwater footage. American director Sam Peckinpah was another classic lover of the use of slow motion.
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Japanese director Akira Kurosawa was a pioneer using this technique in his 1954 movie Seven Samurai. The Matrix made a distinct success in applying the effect into action scenes through the use of multiple cameras, as well as mixing slow-motion with live action in other scenes.
Another example is Face/Off, in which John Woo used the same technique in the movements of a flock of flying pigeons. Vsevolod Pudovkin, for instance, used slow motion in a suicide scene in his 1933 film The Deserter, in which a man jumping into a river seems sucked down by the slowly splashing waves. Slow motion can also be used for artistic effect, to create a romantic or suspenseful aura or to stress a moment in time.
It is used by a diverse range of directors to achieve diverse effects. Slow motion is ubiquitous in modern filmmaking. The traditional method for achieving super-slow motion is through high-speed photography, a more sophisticated technique that uses specialized equipment to record fast phenomena, usually for scientific applications. Motion can be slowed further by combining techniques, such as for example by interpolating between overcranked frames.
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A third technique that is becoming common using current computer software post-processing is to fabricate digitally interpolated frames to smoothly transition between the frames that were actually shot. This technique is more often applied to video subjected to instant replay than to film. Slow motion can also be achieved by playing normally recorded footage at a slower speed. A term for creating slow motion film is overcranking which refers to hand cranking an early camera at a faster rate than normal (i.e. When replayed at normal speed, time appears to be moving more slowly. Typically this style is achieved when each film frame is captured at a rate much faster than it will be played back. This can be accomplished through the use of high-speed cameras and then playing the footage produced by such cameras at a normal rate like 30 fps, or in post production through the use of software.
It was invented by the Austrian priest August Musger in the early 20th century. Slow motion (commonly abbreviated as slo-mo or slow-mo) is an effect in film-making whereby time appears to be slowed down. Slow motion video of a glass cup smashing on a concrete floor
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